Second Great Awakening

 A Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States.  The movement began around 1790, gaining momentum by 1800 and surging with a rise in church memberships after 1820.  The episode stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society.  Historians named the Second Great Awakening in the context of the First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s and of the Third Great Awakening of the late 1850s to early 1900s.